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Integrated project delivery (IPD), is a collaborative alliance of people, systems, business structures and practices into a process that harnesses the talents and insights of all participants to optimize project results, increase value to the owner, reduce waste, and maximize efficiency through all phases of design, fabrication, and construction.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=American Institute of Architects California Council May 15, 2007 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=Lean Construction Institute Nov. 18, 2004 )〕 There are eight main sequential phases to the integrated project delivery method:〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=American Institute of Architects 2007 version 1 )〕 *conceptualization phase (programming ) *criteria design phase (schematic design ) *detailed design phase (design development ) *implementation documents phase (documents ) *agency review phase *buyout phase *construction phase *closeout phase *facilities management == Background == The construction industry has suffered from a productivity decline since the 1960s〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=Steven G. Allen, National Bureau of Economic Research no. 1555, Feb., 1985 )〕 while all other non-farm industries have seen large boosts in productivity. The problems in contemporary construction include buildings that are behind schedule and over budget as well as adverse relations among the owner, general contractor, and architect. Using ideas developed by Toyota in their Toyota Production System and computer technology advances,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=Building Design+Construction, April 1, 2008 )〕 the integrated project delivery method is designed to solve these key construction problems. The new focus in IPD is the final value created for the owner, the finished building. Rather than each participant focusing exclusively on their part of construction without considering the implications on the whole process, the IPD method brings all participants together early with collaborative incentives to maximize value for the owner. This collaborative approach allows informed decision making early in the project where the most value can be created. The close collaboration eliminates a great deal of waste in the design, and allows data sharing directly between the design and construction team eliminating a large barrier to increased productivity in construction.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=U.S. Department of CommerceTechnology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Aug., 2004 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Integrated project delivery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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